Slide 1

God Overrules Cults

John 10:24-28 24 The Jews gathered around him, saying, "How long will you keep us in suspense? If you are the Christ, {24 Or Messiah} tell us plainly." 25 Jesus answered, "I did tell you, but you do not believe. The miracles I do in my Father's name speak for me, 26 but you do not believe because you are not my sheep. 27 My sheep listen to my voice; I know them, and they follow me. 28 I give them eternal life, and they shall never perish; no one can snatch them out of my hand.

Much confusion exists as to the differences among the terms “world religion,” denomination, sect, and cult.

What is a cult?

A The major divisions of Christianity are these, according to David Barrett:
Roman Catholicism

Independent Churches

20^th Century, nondenominational, Pentecostal/charismatic, African Independent, community & Bible churches, fundamentalist churches, ethnic churches, etc.¹

Protestants—dating from the Reformation of the 1500s

Orthodox—dating from around 1000 AD, with Patriarch in Constantinople

Anglicans—English Protestant Episcopal church

Marginal “Christians”

Having a defective view of Christ and the Trinity and having a 2^nd source of revelation. There are about 34.1 million such Christians, including Jehovah-Witnesses and Mormons²

1 Michael Jaffarian, “The demographics of world religions entering the 21st century,” in Between past & future, J. Bonk ed. 2003, p. 264.

2 David B. Barrett & Todd M. Johnson, World Christian Trends AD30-AD 2200, p. 859.

Christian Denominations

These embody certain distinctive emphases and spiritual traditions within Christianity. They do not deviate, at least when founded, from the main doctrines of the faith. They reflect distinctives of their founders and often begin by gaining converts among the most needy.

Independent, non-denominational churches usually stress Christ

Pentecostal/charismatics stress the Spirit

Presbyterians and former “mainline” (“sideline”) denominations in the US have stressed the Father.

“A denomination is a branch of institutionalized Christianity that has established a reputation of stability and credibility.” Another Gospel, p. 20

Sect

A sect generally emphasizes or over-emphasizes a particular aspect of a religion, but is not usually heretical.

“A religious group which is gathered or called out of some natural organic group or state church on positively anticonformist grounds, sometimes by a charismatic leader, but as often by some principle of greater strictness, more singleminded dedication, or more intense abnegation of the world and its attractions. Often, even usually, the sect has as its main principle some

“In general, they seek to improve upon existing traditions, rather than to replace them entirely.” (“The Culture of Cults” www.fwbo-files.com/CofC.htm p. 10, 5/20/05)

Cults--definition

Any Christian can be guilty of teaching minor errors and not be a “false teacher.”

Only those gifted and called by God should teach, since He will judge teachers more strictly (James 3:1).

A false teacher today is the equivalent of a false prophet of the Old Testament (2 Pet. 2:1).

NIV 2 Peter 2:1 But there were also false prophets among the people, just as there will be false teachers among you. They will secretly introduce destructive heresies, even denying the sovereign Lord who bought them-- bringing swift destruction on themselves.

Virtually all cults based upon Christianity deviate from the biblical view of Christ’s nature and work.

It’s difficult to believe that someone could embrace cultic beliefs about Christ and be or remain a Christian (John 14:6).

What is a cult?

A cult is an unorthodox variation, or heresy, upon a major religion. This is a “religious” definition. It is an “organized heresy,” as defined by Dave Breese.

The 10 largest world religions are, in order of size: Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Nonreligion, Chinese Folk-religion, Buddhism, Ethnoreligion, New Religions (Asian, since 1945, syncretistic), Sikhism

Michael Jaffarian, “The demographics of world religions entering the 21st century,” in Between past & future, J. Bonk ed. 2003, p. 253-8.

“World religions are religious movements that have attained a status recognized worldwide for their embodiment of particular sacred traditions.”

Another Gospel, p. 20

Cultic Patterns by Rick Branch

“They add to the Word of God.”

The Hare Krishnas consider it a good book only and that the Bhagavad-Gita is superior

The Unification Church considers the Divine Principle to be more authoritative than the Bible

Christian Science considers their Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures to be superior, and that the Bible has mistakes.

Charles Taze Russell, founder of the JWs, said that it was better to read his Studies in Scripture than to read the Bible

Cultic Patterns, by Rick Branch

“They subtract from the deity of Christ.”

JWs consider Jesus the Son of God, but not God the Son

For Mormons, “Christ is the ‘son of God’ become man. So is every other man the “son of God.” (Dr. John H. Gerstner, Survey of the Major Cults)

“They multiply the requirements for salvation.”

For JWs, it is publish, or perish.

Almost all religions and cults teach that we must do certain things to earn salvation. We believe that it is a gift through faith, and that even faith is a gift of God (Eph. 2:8-9).

Cultic Patterns, by Rick Branch

They divide “the follower’s loyalty.”

“The only church syndrome”

They try to keep followers from their families in many cases, and from the larger society (JWs).

Descriptive Definition of a Cult

A ‘cult’ is a religious group that has a ‘prophet’-founder called of god to give a special message not found in the Bible itself, often apocalyptic in nature and often set forth in ‘inspired’ writings. In deference to this charismatic figure or these ‘inspired’ writings, the style of leadership is authoritarian and there is frequently an exclusivistic outlook, supported by legalistic lifestyle and persecution mentality.” Another Gospel, p. 16

Sociological Definition of a Cult

Control of behavior, information, thoughts, and emotions—BITE acronym of Steven Hassan (“The Culture of Cults” www.fwbo-files.com/CofC.htm p.5, 5/20/05)

“Cult belief systems present a [bi-polar] vision in which any individual, through following the group’s teachings, can begin to aspire to a ‘new life’ or a ‘new self’, based on these ideals…Believers begin to see their old self, their pre-cult personality, as having fallen short of the ideal.” (“The Culture of Cults” www.fwbo-files.com/CofC.htm page 6, 5/20/05)

“Cults gain influence over their members by promoting a belief system which undermines members’ confidence in their own judgment…so that they find it difficult to make decisions for themselves, independently of guidance from the group’s teachers and preceptors.” (“The Culture of Cults” www.fwbo-files.com/CofC.htm p. 7, 5/20/05)

Why are there cults?

Satan is the “Father of lies” (John 8:44) and challenges the Word of God (Gen. 3:4) with false authority.

Due to sin, charismatic individuals use religion to feed their pride, passions and possessions.

Cultic leaders exploit doctrines and truths neglected by the church, or play off them with half-truths. Because the church hasn’t taught correct doctrine well, Christians sometimes are beguiled by flamboyant leaders who beguile them with sweet lies.

God dealt with false prophets about 1500 BC when he gave the marks of false prophets.

If a prophet spoke in God’s name and the prophesy did not happen, the prophet was to be put to death (Dt. 18:22).

If prophesies actually were fulfilled, if the prophet then led people to other gods, he was a false prophet.

A false prophet spoke in the name of other gods (Dt. 18:20).

Origin of Cults

“If you study church history, I think you will find that heresies arise like this: the church begins to fail to preach, or preaches very weakly, say points 40-50 (on a continuum of 1-100 representing all doctrine). Let us say, therefore, that points 40-50 are unstressed. Two things follow. First, the situation is unbiblical. True Christianity is a balanced whole. Second, Satan takes points 40-50 out of the total Christian framework and encourages someone to overemphasize them. And this becomes heresy.”—Dr. Francis Schaeffer, The New Superspirituality, p. 399, Vol. 3, Crossway Books

“Cults are the unpaid bills of the Church.” Dr. Walter Martin

Cults & most religions are small but many

As of 2000, the top 10 world religions have included 99.4% of the world’s population¹.

“The main thing we’ve discovered is that there is enormous religious change going on across the world, all the time. It’s massive, it’s complex, and it’s continual. We have identified nine thousand and nine hundred distinct and separate religions in the world, increasing by two or three new religions every day…They are a very serious subject.”²

Cults & most religions are small but many

Because so many cults are born, and because information about many of these is available on the Internet, we will focus upon the common characteristics of the cults to better recognize them.

Website addresses will give locations of selected cult information.

Cults only seem to be a modern problem

Montanus (circa 150 AD) believed himself to be the Spirit’s mouthpiece to proclaim Christ’s return. There were signs, ecstatic utterances and others had to have those gifts, etc.

Albigensians in the Middle Ages taught dualism—that the OT god was darkness and the NT god of light, and that with baptism came sinless perfection. Only the perfect could pray to god, not believers, etc.

Cults only seem to be modern

The media highlight spectacular cult perversions, such as Jim Jones’ People’s Temple, which led to the deaths of 909 people in 1978, or the deaths of hundreds of the “Ten Commandments of God” sect in Uganda in 2000.

Flamboyant leaders also capture headlines “Bagwan Shree Rajneesh,” had 93 Rolls Royces, preached free sex and claimed to be Buddha. He died in 1990. www.apologeticsindex.org/b40html

Elbert Spriggs of the “Twelve Tribes” jets around the world with his fourth wife to luxury homes in France, Brazil and Cape Cod www.rickross.com/reference/tribes/tribes25.html

Jesus’ Teaching on
False Spiritual Leaders

John 10:7-15 (NIV) 8 All who ever came before me were thieves and robbers, but the sheep did not listen to them.

These religions came before Christianity: Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism (moral system at first), Jains, polytheistic/ethnic religions and Zoroastrianism (Eerdman’s handbook to the world’s religions, 1982, pp. 46-47.) A major characteristic of false religion is financial and physical exploitation of followers

9 I am the gate; whoever enters through me will be saved. He will come in and go out, and find pasture.

Christianity is exclusive—there is only one gate to salvation. Universalism considers all religions to be equally true and valid. Pluralism defends the right of all religions to exist.

W. Gary Phillips & Wm. Brown. Making sense of your world. 1991. pp. 160-1.

Jesus & Cults & False Religions

John 10:10 The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy;

I have come that they may have life, and have it to the full.

Cult leaders dominate and devour the flock. They take away from their lives.

Ezekiel 34:2-5 'This is what the Sovereign LORD says: Woe to the shepherds of Israel who only take care of themselves! Should not shepherds take care of the flock? 3 You eat the curds, clothe yourselves with the wool and slaughter the choice animals, but you do not take care of the flock. 4 You have not strengthened the weak or healed the sick or bound up the injured. You have not brought back the strays or searched for the lost. You have ruled them harshly and brutally. 5 So they were scattered because there was no shepherd, and when they were scattered they became food for all the wild animals.

Jesus and False Leaders

11 "I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. 12 The hired hand is not the shepherd who owns the sheep. So when he sees the wolf coming, he abandons the sheep and runs away. Then the wolf attacks the flock and scatters it.

Satan is free to destroy inside the cultist’s organization.

13 The man runs away because he is a hired hand and cares nothing for the sheep.

The false shepherd sacrifices nothing, the Good Shepherd sacrificed even his life.

Rick Warren, of Saddleback Church in the USA, determined that none in his congregation, numbering 20,000 in weekly attendance in 2005, would sacrifice more than he. For their first building program, he donated his entire salary for two years. www.saddleback.com www.pastors.com

Jesus & False Prophets

Jesus predicted that many false prophets would follow Him, deceiving many (Matt. 24:11).

These major religions came after Jesus: Islam, Shinto, Bahai, Sikhs, etc. (Eerdman’s handbook to the world’s religions, 1982, pp. 46-47.)

As noted above, over 34 million “marginal Christians” have been deceived.

New Testament False Prophets

Matthew 7:15 "Watch out for false prophets. They come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ferocious wolves.

Cultic leaders try to convince Christians that they too are Christians. Mormons (“Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints”) the “Unification Church” (Moonies), and the Jehovah-Witnesses (who say that they believe that Jesus is the Son of God, but deny that He is God the Son) falsely assert their Christianity.

NIV 2 Peter 2:1 But there were also false prophets among the people, just as there will be false teachers among you. They will secretly introduce destructive heresies, even denying the sovereign Lord who bought them-- bringing swift destruction on themselves.

Jesus’ Narrow Gate

Matthew 7:13-20 13 "Enter through the narrow gate. For wide is the gate and broad is the road that leads to destruction, and many enter through it. 14 But small is the gate and narrow the road that leads to life, and only a few find it.

Again, Jesus made no attempt to be tolerant or inclusive or to respect spiritual diversity. He narrowed, not broadened, the way to salvation. Some Christians are far more “tolerant” and “loving” and “inclusive” than was Jesus.

There are not many paths to the same spiritual mountaintop, but one way to be saved—through the Gate, who is Christ Jesus (John 10:7).

Luke 13:23-24 23 Someone asked him, "Lord, are only a few people going to be saved?" He said to them, 24 "Make every effort to enter through the narrow door, because many, I tell you, will try to enter and will not be able to.”

Cult leaders make their own narrow gate, one not purchased by the atonement of Jesus. They add any number of “good” works for “salvation.”

Jesus & Identifying False Leaders

Matthew 7:16 By their fruit you will recognize them. Do people pick grapes from thorn bushes, or figs from thistles? 17 Likewise every good tree bears good fruit, but a bad tree bears bad fruit. 18 A good tree cannot bear bad fruit, and a bad tree cannot bear good fruit. 19 Every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. 20 Thus, by their fruit you will recognize them.

Elymas- An Example

Elymas (Bar-Jesus) was a false prophet and sorcerer (Acts 13:6).

Acts 13:10 Paul told him, "You are a child of the devil and an enemy of everything that is right! You are full of all kinds of deceit and trickery. Will you never stop perverting the right ways of the Lord?” This perfectly describes a cultic leader today.

Peter’s Exposure of Heretical Leaders -- 2 Peter 2

The 3 major characteristics of cultic leaders are arrogance, greed and sexual sin.

Peter’s Exposure of Heretical Leaders -- 2 Peter 2

NIV 2 Peter 2:1 But there were also false prophets among the people, just as there will be false teachers among you. They will secretly introduce destructive heresies, even denying the sovereign Lord who bought them-- bringing swift destruction on themselves.

False prophets of the Old Testament are equated with false teachers in the New Testament.

Denying the full deity of Christ is typical.

2 Many will follow their shameful ways and will bring the way of truth into disrepute.

Cults are often quite successful in attracting followers, as are Mormons & JWs.

The “Lord’s Resistance Army” (LRA) of Uganda exploits women and children in the name of the 10 Commandments

3 In their greed these teachers will exploit you with stories they have made up.

Often founders base their religion upon special revelations—dreams and visions

Joseph Smith (Mormons) claimed to have been visited by the angel “Moroni” and to have been given a special tablet of gold from God.

The “Divine Principle” of Sun Myong Moon is an incredibly complex, but fictional, story.

Peter’s Exposure of Heretical Leaders -- 2 Peter 2

NIV 2 Peter 2:3 Their condemnation has long been hanging over them, and their destruction has not been sleeping.

God has already judged them. Hell is awaiting. We await a Savior, they await the Devil.

4 For if God did not spare angels when they sinned, but sent them to hell, {4 Greek Tartarus} putting them into gloomy dungeons to be held for judgment;

5 if he did not spare the ancient world when he brought the flood on its ungodly people, but protected Noah, a preacher of righteousness, and seven others;

6 if he condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah by burning them to ashes, and made them an example of what is going to happen to the ungodly

Peter’s Exposure of Heretical Leaders -- 2 Peter 2

NIV 2 Peter 2:1 7 and if he rescued Lot, a righteous man, who was distressed by the filthy lives of lawless men

8 (for that righteous man, living among them day after day, was tormented in his righteous soul by the lawless deeds he saw and heard)—

Leaders often live filthy lives. Jim Jones did at Jonestown. Shree Rajneesch taught free love in his ashrams.

Brigham Young, second leader of the Mormons, had 70 wives.

9 if this is so, then the Lord knows how to rescue godly men from trials and to hold the unrighteous for the day of judgment, while continuing their punishment.

Sometimes an apparently godly person can be deceived and join a cult. Often they have zeal without knowledge God has rescued many.

Proverbs 19:2 2 It is not good to have zeal without knowledge, nor to be hasty and miss the way.

Cultic leaders are slaves of their own desires, which is punishment.

They are Arrogant

10 This is especially true of those who follow the corrupt desire of the sinful nature {10 Or the flesh} and despise authority. Bold and arrogant, these men are not afraid to slander celestial beings;

Here we see arrogance in that they despise proper authority and substitute their own (Jude 1:9).

A “missionary” that I exposed as a fraud recently gave me his prayer cards so that I could distribute them.

11 yet even angels, although they are stronger and more powerful, do not bring slanderous accusations against such beings in the presence of the Lord.

The way some cultic leaders speak against the Devil is quite amazing. We are told to say, “The Lord rebuke you ” (Jude 1:9), not to rebuke the Devil ourselves.

12 But these men blaspheme in matters they do not understand. They are like brute beasts, creatures of instinct, born only to be caught and destroyed, and like beasts they too will perish.

They walk and live “in the flesh” (or according to the “sinful nature”-NIV) (Gal. 5:16-24).

They are such slaves of their passions that they let down their guard and are often caught in their sin.

They are Boldly Immoral

NIV 2 Peter 2:13 They will be paid back with harm for the harm they have done. Their idea of pleasure is to carouse in broad daylight.

trufh,, h/j, h` as a way of life indulgence, reveling (2P 2.13); luxurious living, luxury Friberg

They are blots and blemishes [spills on the dress of the Bride of Christ], reveling in their pleasures while they feast with you. {13 Some manuscripts in their love feasts}

14 With eyes full of adultery,

Friberg--.e. ever on the lookout for an adulterous woman (2P 2.14)]

they never stop sinning; they seduce the unstable; they are experts in greed

A disposition to have more than one's share greed, covetousness, avarice -Friberg)-- an accursed brood!

The founder of Jehovah-Witnesses, Charles Taze Russell, sold “miracle wheat” that was inferior to regular wheat (Walter Martin, Kingdom of the Cults, 1985 ed., p. 40-41).

Joseph Smith, founder of the Mormons, was a frustrated treasure hunter who dug holes all around his hometown, vainly trying to locate wealth.

15 They have left the straight way and wandered off to follow the way of Balaam son of Beor, who loved the wages of wickedness.

16 But he was rebuked for his wrongdoing by a donkey-- a beast without speech-- who spoke with a man's voice and restrained the prophet's madness.

They are Boldly Immoral

17 These men are springs without water and mists driven by a storm. Blackest darkness is reserved for them.

They promise refreshment, but cannot give it.

God isn’t ignoring them. Jesus is preparing a place for His sheep. The Father is preparing a place for the goats in hell (Jude 1:6).

18 For they mouth empty, boastful words and, by appealing to the lustful desires of sinful human nature, they entice people who are just escaping from those who live in error.

The “Children of God” advocated “fishy evangelism” by which women became prostitutes in order to lure men into their cult.

19 They promise them freedom, while they themselves are slaves of depravity-- for a man is a slave to whatever has mastered him.

Slaves cannot promise freedom. They are slaves to their own passions.

Expose Cults

Ephesians 5:11 Have nothing to do with the fruitless deeds of darkness, but rather expose them.

This is not being “judgmental.” We’re not to judge sins in others that we currently practice

NIV Matthew 7:1 "Do not judge, or you too will be judged.

2 For in the same way you judge others, you will be judged, and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you.

3 "Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother's eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye?

4 How can you say to your brother, 'Let me take the speck out of your eye,' when all the time there is a plank in your own eye?

5 You hypocrite, first take the plank out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother's eye.

Jude 1:3 Dear friends, although I was very eager to write to you about the salvation we share, I felt I had to write and urge you to contend for the faith that was once for all entrusted to the saints. NIV

Case Study

Does this man belong to a cult?

Is Legion Maria a cult?

What does he believe and teach?

What is the nature of his “fruit”?

Do they teach salvation by sprinkling with “holy” water and by animal sacrifice (Heb. 10:4)

Are they involved in witchcraft—water sprinkling with spells?

Who was Ondeto? Was he a man/prophet, who seemed to have no origin?

Brief Overview of Mormon Doctrine

They claim to be Trinitarian, but hold to a supreme god (formerly Adam, according to Joseph Smith, but now denied (Kingdom of the Cults, 1985, p. 222), who has flesh and bones (see John 4:24; Luke 24:39).

“God himself was once as we are now, and is an exalted man…” (Joseph Smith, quoted in Kingdom of the Cults, 1985, p. 220)

“You have got to learn how to be Gods yourselves; to be kings and priests to God, the same as all Gods have done before you—namely, by going from a small degree to another; from grace to grace, from exaltation to exaltation, until you are able to sit in glory as doth those who sit enthroned in everlasting power.” (Joseph Smith, quoted in Kingdom of the Cults, 1985, p. 221)

Since they teach that people become gods, they are actually polytheistic—believing in many gods.

Brief Overview of Mormon Doctrine

Regarding Jesus’ birth,

“In Mormon thinking, as reflected in the authoritative declaration of one of their prophets, our Savior was produced not by a direct act of the Holy Spirit, but by actual sexual relations between “an immortal or resurrected and glorified Father” and Mary—a blasphemous view….” (Walter Martin, Kingdom of the Cults, 1985, p. 230)

Jehovah-Witness Doctrine

Jesus, in their doctrine, is the archangel Michael. Thus, Jesus is not God the Son, but the Son of God, an important distinction.

In John 1:1, they translate “the Word was a god,” which is completely unsubstantiated in the Greek.

See John 10:30, Ex. 3:14—John 8:58 on His divinity

Is. 44:6, compare with Rev. 1:17-18; 2:8; Rev. 22:13 (Walter Martin’s insight)

Hebrews 1:6 “And again, when God brings his firstborn into the world, he says, "Let all God's angels worship him."

Jehovah-Witness Doctrine

The Atonement:

“Jesus, no more and no less than a perfect human, became a ransom that compensated exactly for what Adam lost—the right to perfect human life on earth….Thus, when God sent Jesus to earth as the ransom, he made Jesus to be what would satisfy justice, not an

incarnation, not a god-man, but a perfect man, ‘lower than angels’”

Should You Believe?, in Walter Martin, Kingdom of the Cults, p. 103-104.

Jehovah-Witness Doctrine

The Trinity is denied.

“Is Jehovah a Trinity—three persons in one God? No! Jehovah, the Father, is ‘the only true God’ (John 17:3; Mark 12:29). Jesus is His firstborn Son, and he is subject to God (1 Cor. 11:3)…The holy spirit is not a person; it is God’s active force (Gen. 1:2; Acts 2:18).” What does God Require of Us? In Walter Martin, Kingdom of the Cults, p. 101-102.

The Holy Spirit is God’s “active force.” without personality, and isn’t God.

Jehovah-Witness Doctrine

A JW has no assurance of salvation, because they must be faithful until the very end. If they don’t continue to spread JW doctrine, they aren’t faithful (“publish” or perish)

Share your assurance of salvation with them, with biblical reason why you are sure (1 John 5:11-13).

The Occult

The occult is calling upon the spirits of Satan to foretell the future, hurt enemies, and fulfill a mystic need or spiritual need.

Forms—voodoo, witchcraft, worship of Satan, astrology, mediums

Isaiah 47:12-15 12 "Keep on, then, with your magic spells and with your many sorceries, which you have labored at since childhood. Perhaps you will succeed, perhaps you will cause terror. 13 All the counsel you have received has only worn you out! Let your astrologers come forward, those stargazers who make predictions month by month, let them save you from what is coming upon you. 14 Surely they are like stubble; the fire will burn them up. They cannot even save themselves from the power of the flame. Here are no coals to warm anyone; here is no fire to sit by. 15 That is all they can do for you-- these you have labored with and trafficked with since childhood. Each of them goes on in his error; there is not one that can save you. NIV

The Occult

The OT illustrates that those involved make themselves unclean by seeking out ghosts and spirits and mediums

Leviticus 19:31   31 "'Do not turn to mediums or seek out spiritists, for you will be defiled by them. I am the LORD your God.

Leviticus 20:6   6 "'I will set my face against the person who turns to mediums and spiritists to prostitute himself by following them, and I will cut him off from his people.

Leviticus 19:26   Do not practice divination or sorcery.

1 Timothy 4:1-2 1 The Spirit clearly says that in later times some will abandon the faith and follow deceiving spirits and things taught by demons. 2 Such teachings come through hypocritical liars, whose consciences have been seared as with a hot iron. NIV

Word of Faith Movement

To some degree these teachers teach that we can make God do what we wish.

According to Kenneth Copeland, “as a believer, you have a right to make commands in the name of Jesus. Each time you stand on the Word, you are commanding God to a certain extent, because it is His Word.” (Our Covenant With God, p. 32, in The Watchman Expositor: Word-Faith Profile, www.watchman.org/profile/wordpro.htm, accessed 5/27/05)

Word of Faith Movement

”Faith is a literal substance ‘that God used to create the universe, and He transported that faith with His words.’” (Richard Abanes, “The Word Faith Movement,” Appendix B in Kingdom of the Cults, 1985, by Walter Martin, p. 497).

Jesus on earth was human, not divine, and was given the nature of Satan when He went to Hell and was “born again” when He arose. (Richard Abanes, “The Word Faith Movement,” Appendix B in Kingdom of the Cults, 1985, by Walter Martin, p. 499).

Jesus was supposedly wealthy while on earth. Fredrick Price drives a Rolls Royce, because he supposedly follows Jesus.

Word of Faith Movement

As do the Mormons, they teach that God has flesh and bones, being about 6’2” tall

Kenneth Copeland & Morris Cerillo teach this Clete Hux, “Word-Faith Movement” www.watchman.org/profile/wordpro.htm, accessed 5/27/05)

Man is virtually on a par with God. “You don’t have a God in you, you are one!” Clete Hux, “Word-Faith Movement” www.watchman.org/profile/wordpro.htm, accessed 5/27/05)

Is Seventh-Day Adventism (SDA) a Cult?

The official doctrinal position of the SDA is that we are saved by faith in Christ, apart from works.

Their founder, Ellen G. White, saw a halo around the 4^th Commandment (Sabbath) and took that as a sign that Christians should worship on Saturday.

The primary danger in the SDA is that followers will return to obedience of parts of the Old Covenant.

Galatians 3:10 “All who rely on observing the law are under a curse, for it is written: "Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law." {10 Deut. 27:26}

We cannot simply selectively keep the OT. We observe it all, or we recognize that we’re under the New Covenant, and no longer under the Old.

Hebrews 8:13 13 By calling this covenant "new," he has made the first one obsolete; and what is obsolete and aging will soon disappear.

Is Seventh-Day Adventism (SDA) a Cult?

Acts 15:5-6 “Then some of the believers who belonged to the party of the Pharisees stood up and said, ‘The Gentiles must be circumcised and required to obey the law of Moses.’ 6 The apostles and elders met to consider this question.

Their conclusion:

Acts 15:10-11 “Now then, why do you try to test God by putting on the necks of the disciples a yoke [Law] that neither we nor our fathers have been able to bear? 11 No! We believe it is through the grace of our Lord Jesus that we are saved, just as they are."

James 2:10 “For whoever keeps the whole law and yet stumbles at just one point is guilty of breaking all of it.”

Is Seventh-Day Adventism (SDA) a Cult?

Some Sabbatarians teach that Sunday worship is the “mark of the beast.”

A Christian can worship God on any day of the week.

Romans 14:5-6 One man considers one day more sacred than another; another man considers every day alike. Each one should be fully convinced in his own mind. 6 He who regards one day as special, does so to the Lord. He who eats meat, eats to the Lord, for he gives thanks to God; and he who abstains, does so to the Lord and gives thanks to God. NIV

Colossians 2:16 “Therefore do not let anyone judge you by what you eat or drink, or with regard to a religious festival, a New Moon celebration or a Sabbath day.”

Websites “Word of Faith” Movement

http://www.ministrywatch.com/mw2.1/pdf/Reflections_WordFaith.pdf (this article provided references below)

http://www.watchman.org/profile/wordpro.htm Profile of the World of Faith Movement by Clete Hux

http://www.watchman.org/reltop/charisma.htm Overview of their theology

http://www.biblebb.com/files/WRDFAITH.HTM Many quotations

http://www.letusreason.org/Wf29.htm Anointing and the “yoke”

http://www.watchman.org/reltop/rprtldie.htm The atonement and Word of Faith

Websites “Word of Faith” Movement

http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/cri/cri-jrnl/web/crj0063a.html Christian Research Journal H. Hanegraaff, Faith in Faith

http://www.letusreason.org/Pent40.htm The “New” anointing

http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/cri/cri-jrnl/crj0118a.txt Origins of movement and quotes of current leaders

http://home.computer.net/~cya/cy00052.html errors from Word of Faith teachers

The Internet and Cults

Excellent sites exist for the study of the world’s religions and cults. Articles on specific topics can be printed at will, such that access to books on religions and cults, while valuable, isn’t necessary.

Searches can be run on Google for specific, even obscure cults—on sites that may be posted by cult members themselves.

What is important then, is to be able to identify a cult, which will be our focus. We can then research it or at least warn the church

General Cult Information Sites

Apologetics Index www.apologeticsindex.org

An excellent reference for world religions, sects & cults

Let Us Reason Info on cults and world religions www.letusreason.org/Islamdir.htm

International Cultic Studies Assoc. http://www.csj.org/

Watchman Fellowship www.watchman.org

Rick Ross Institute www.rickross.com

More General Cults Sites

Site based upon the work of cults expert, the late Dr. Walter Martin

www.waltermartin.org

John Ankerberg

www.ankerberg.com

Christian Research Institute

www.equip.org

Cults on Campus www.cultsoncampus.com

Religion News www.religionnewsblog.com Current news articles relating to religion

Websites for Cult Information

Cults of Christianity www.religion-cults.com

Cult Frequently Asked Questions www.cultfaq.org

Spiritual Counterfeit Project www.scp-inc.org Information about cults the occult, and New Age relgions

Discernment www.discernment.org Focus upon false teaching, including the Word of Faith movement

Probe Ministries Studies on cults and religions http://www.probe.org/menus/wp-cults.html

Secularism www.infidels.org Posted by those who don’t believe in God, but gives their arguments

CultWatch www.cultwatch.com World religions and cults

Websites on Mormonism

Jerald & Sandra Tanner are experts on Mormonism

www.utlm.org an excellent site

Counterfeit gospel of Mormonism

www.answeringlds.org/miscCounterfeitGospel.html

www.concernedchristians.org

Links to sites critiquing Mormonism

www.latterdaylampoon.com

Utah Lighthouse Ministry

www.utlm.org

Websites on Jehovah-Witnesses

www.waltermartin.org

www.watchtowernews.org many articles

For JW converts

www.bible.ca/indexJws.htm

www.freeminds.org has a JW journal

How to witness to a JW

www.chick.org/bc/1985/witnesstojw.asp

www.fishthe.net/pages/Discernment_of_Cults/Jehovahs_Witnesses packed with information

Websites on Islam

Answering Islam Great site. With links to many other sites helping Christians to deal with Islam www.answeringislam.org

Let Us Reason www.letusreason.org/Islamdir.htm

Religion Research Institute Articles on Islam http://religionresearchinstitute.org

Islamic Institute http://islaminstitut.de/english/

Light of Life Islam from Christian perspective http://light-of-life.com

TruthNet Islam, world religions and cults www.truthnet.org/islam

Websites on African religions

West African religious practices from 500-1590 AD www.bookrags.com/samphist/sub4.html

African-derived religions Many links http://sparta.rice.edu/~maryc/AfroCuban.html

Apologetics Index –enter cult name www.apologeticsindex.org

South African Missiological Society African Independent Churches www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/8409/index1.htm

Dictionary of African Christian Biography Search for African religious leaders by country www.dacb.org/

Missionlalia (missions journal) articles on African religion www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/8409/articles.htm

African religion sites

African religions weblist http://members.aol.com/porchfour/religion/african.htm

African Traditional Religion articles www.afrikaworld.net/afrel/

Christians Know Their Savior, and He Will Save and Preserve Them

John 10:24-28 24 The Jews gathered around him, saying, "How long will you keep us in suspense? If you are the Christ, {24 Or Messiah} tell us plainly." 25 Jesus answered, "I did tell you, but you do not believe. The miracles I do in my Father's name speak for me, 26 but you do not believe because you are not my sheep. 27 My sheep listen to my voice; I know them, and they follow me. 28 I give them eternal life, and they shall never perish; no one can snatch them out of my hand.


	John 10:24-28 24 The Jews gathered around him, saying, "How long will you keep us in suspense? If you are the Christ, {24 Or Messiah} tell us plainly." 25 Jesus answered, "I did tell you, but you do not believe. The miracles I do in my Father's name speak for me, 26 but you do not believe because you are not my sheep. 27 My sheep listen to my voice; I know them, and they follow me. 28 I give them eternal life, and they shall never perish; no one can snatch them out of my hand.
	Much confusion exists as to the differences among the terms “world religion,” denomination, sect, and cult.


A The major divisions of Christianity are these, according to David Barrett: Roman Catholicism
	Independent Churches
			20^th Century, nondenominational, Pentecostal/charismatic, African Independent, community & Bible churches, fundamentalist churches, ethnic churches, etc.¹
		Protestants—dating from the Reformation of the 1500s
		Orthodox—dating from around 1000 AD, with Patriarch in Constantinople
		Anglicans—English Protestant Episcopal church
		Marginal “Christians”
			Having a defective view of Christ and the Trinity and having a 2^nd source of revelation. There are about 34.1 million such Christians, including Jehovah-Witnesses and Mormons²
	1 Michael Jaffarian, “The demographics of world religions entering the 21st century,” in Between past & future, J. Bonk ed. 2003, p. 264.
	2 David B. Barrett & Todd M. Johnson, World Christian Trends AD30-AD 2200, p. 859.


	These embody certain distinctive emphases and spiritual traditions within Christianity. They do not deviate, at least when founded, from the main doctrines of the faith. They reflect distinctives of their founders and often begin by gaining converts among the most needy.
		Independent, non-denominational churches usually stress Christ
		Pentecostal/charismatics stress the Spirit
		Presbyterians and former “mainline” (“sideline”) denominations in the US have stressed the Father.
		“A denomination is a branch of institutionalized Christianity that has established a reputation of stability and credibility.” Another Gospel, p. 20


	A sect generally emphasizes or over-emphasizes a particular aspect of a religion, but is not usually heretical.
	“A religious group which is gathered or called out of some natural organic group or state church on positively anticonformist grounds, sometimes by a charismatic leader, but as often by some principle of greater strictness, more singleminded dedication, or more intense abnegation of the world and its attractions. Often, even usually, the sect has as its main principle some
	“In general, they seek to improve upon existing traditions, rather than to replace them entirely.” (“The Culture of Cults” www.fwbo-files.com/CofC.htm p. 10, 5/20/05)


Any Christian can be guilty of teaching minor errors and not be a “false teacher.”
	Only those gifted and called by God should teach, since He will judge teachers more strictly (James 3:1).
	A false teacher today is the equivalent of a false prophet of the Old Testament (2 Pet. 2:1).
		NIV 2 Peter 2:1 But there were also false prophets among the people, just as there will be false teachers among you. They will secretly introduce destructive heresies, even denying the sovereign Lord who bought them-- bringing swift destruction on themselves.
Virtually all cults based upon Christianity deviate from the biblical view of Christ’s nature and work.
	It’s difficult to believe that someone could embrace cultic beliefs about Christ and be or remain a Christian (John 14:6).


	A cult is an unorthodox variation, or heresy, upon a major religion. This is a “religious” definition. It is an “organized heresy,” as defined by Dave Breese.
		The 10 largest world religions are, in order of size: Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Nonreligion, Chinese Folk-religion, Buddhism, Ethnoreligion, New Religions (Asian, since 1945, syncretistic), Sikhism
		Michael Jaffarian, “The demographics of world religions entering the 21st century,” in Between past & future, J. Bonk ed. 2003, p. 253-8.
	“World religions are religious movements that have attained a status recognized worldwide for their embodiment of particular sacred traditions.”
	Another Gospel, p. 20


	“They add to the Word of God.”
		The Hare Krishnas consider it a good book only and that the Bhagavad-Gita is superior
		The Unification Church considers the Divine Principle to be more authoritative than the Bible
		Christian Science considers their Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures to be superior, and that the Bible has mistakes.
		Charles Taze Russell, founder of the JWs, said that it was better to read his Studies in Scripture than to read the Bible


	“They subtract from the deity of Christ.”
		JWs consider Jesus the Son of God, but not God the Son
		For Mormons, “Christ is the ‘son of God’ become man. So is every other man the “son of God.” (Dr. John H. Gerstner, Survey of the Major Cults)
	“They multiply the requirements for salvation.”
		For JWs, it is publish, or perish.
		Almost all religions and cults teach that we must do certain things to earn salvation. We believe that it is a gift through faith, and that even faith is a gift of God (Eph. 2:8-9).


	They divide “the follower’s loyalty.”
		“The only church syndrome”
		They try to keep followers from their families in many cases, and from the larger society (JWs).


	Control of behavior, information, thoughts, and emotions—BITE acronym of Steven Hassan (“The Culture of Cults” www.fwbo-files.com/CofC.htm p.5, 5/20/05)
	“Cult belief systems present a [bi-polar] vision in which any individual, through following the group’s teachings, can begin to aspire to a ‘new life’ or a ‘new self’, based on these ideals…Believers begin to see their old self, their pre-cult personality, as having fallen short of the ideal.” (“The Culture of Cults” www.fwbo-files.com/CofC.htm page 6, 5/20/05)
	“Cults gain influence over their members by promoting a belief system which undermines members’ confidence in their own judgment…so that they find it difficult to make decisions for themselves, independently of guidance from the group’s teachers and preceptors.” (“The Culture of Cults” www.fwbo-files.com/CofC.htm p. 7, 5/20/05)


	Satan is the “Father of lies” (John 8:44) and challenges the Word of God (Gen. 3:4) with false authority.
	Due to sin, charismatic individuals use religion to feed their pride, passions and possessions.
	Cultic leaders exploit doctrines and truths neglected by the church, or play off them with half-truths. Because the church hasn’t taught correct doctrine well, Christians sometimes are beguiled by flamboyant leaders who beguile them with sweet lies.
	God dealt with false prophets about 1500 BC when he gave the marks of false prophets.
		If a prophet spoke in God’s name and the prophesy did not happen, the prophet was to be put to death (Dt. 18:22).
		If prophesies actually were fulfilled, if the prophet then led people to other gods, he was a false prophet.
		A false prophet spoke in the name of other gods (Dt. 18:20).


	“If you study church history, I think you will find that heresies arise like this: the church begins to fail to preach, or preaches very weakly, say points 40-50 (on a continuum of 1-100 representing all doctrine). Let us say, therefore, that points 40-50 are unstressed. Two things follow. First, the situation is unbiblical. True Christianity is a balanced whole. Second, Satan takes points 40-50 out of the total Christian framework and encourages someone to overemphasize them. And this becomes heresy.”—Dr. Francis Schaeffer, The New Superspirituality, p. 399, Vol. 3, Crossway Books
		“Cults are the unpaid bills of the Church.” Dr. Walter Martin


	As of 2000, the top 10 world religions have included 99.4% of the world’s population¹.
	“The main thing we’ve discovered is that there is enormous religious change going on across the world, all the time. It’s massive, it’s complex, and it’s continual. We have identified nine thousand and nine hundred distinct and separate religions in the world, increasing by two or three new religions every day…They are a very serious subject.”²


	Because so many cults are born, and because information about many of these is available on the Internet, we will focus upon the common characteristics of the cults to better recognize them.
	Website addresses will give locations of selected cult information.


	Montanus (circa 150 AD) believed himself to be the Spirit’s mouthpiece to proclaim Christ’s return. There were signs, ecstatic utterances and others had to have those gifts, etc.
	Albigensians in the Middle Ages taught dualism—that the OT god was darkness and the NT god of light, and that with baptism came sinless perfection. Only the perfect could pray to god, not believers, etc.



	The media highlight spectacular cult perversions, such as Jim Jones’ People’s Temple, which led to the deaths of 909 people in 1978, or the deaths of hundreds of the “Ten Commandments of God” sect in Uganda in 2000.
	Flamboyant leaders also capture headlines “Bagwan Shree Rajneesh,” had 93 Rolls Royces, preached free sex and claimed to be Buddha. He died in 1990. www.apologeticsindex.org/b40html
			Elbert Spriggs of the “Twelve Tribes” jets around the world with his fourth wife to luxury homes in France, Brazil and Cape Cod www.rickross.com/reference/tribes/tribes25.html


John 10:7-15 (NIV) 8 All who ever came before me were thieves and robbers, but the sheep did not listen to them.
	These religions came before Christianity: Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism (moral system at first), Jains, polytheistic/ethnic religions and Zoroastrianism (Eerdman’s handbook to the world’s religions, 1982, pp. 46-47.) A major characteristic of false religion is financial and physical exploitation of followers
9 I am the gate; whoever enters through me will be saved. He will come in and go out, and find pasture.
	Christianity is exclusive—there is only one gate to salvation. Universalism considers all religions to be equally true and valid. Pluralism defends the right of all religions to exist.
		W. Gary Phillips & Wm. Brown. Making sense of your world. 1991. pp. 160-1.


	John 10:10 The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy;
	I have come that they may have life, and have it to the full.
		Cult leaders dominate and devour the flock. They take away from their lives.
		Ezekiel 34:2-5 'This is what the Sovereign LORD says: Woe to the shepherds of Israel who only take care of themselves! Should not shepherds take care of the flock? 3 You eat the curds, clothe yourselves with the wool and slaughter the choice animals, but you do not take care of the flock. 4 You have not strengthened the weak or healed the sick or bound up the injured. You have not brought back the strays or searched for the lost. You have ruled them harshly and brutally. 5 So they were scattered because there was no shepherd, and when they were scattered they became food for all the wild animals.


	11 "I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. 12 The hired hand is not the shepherd who owns the sheep. So when he sees the wolf coming, he abandons the sheep and runs away. Then the wolf attacks the flock and scatters it.
		Satan is free to destroy inside the cultist’s organization.
	13 The man runs away because he is a hired hand and cares nothing for the sheep.
		The false shepherd sacrifices nothing, the Good Shepherd sacrificed even his life.
		Rick Warren, of Saddleback Church in the USA, determined that none in his congregation, numbering 20,000 in weekly attendance in 2005, would sacrifice more than he. For their first building program, he donated his entire salary for two years. www.saddleback.com www.pastors.com


	Jesus predicted that many false prophets would follow Him, deceiving many (Matt. 24:11).
		These major religions came after Jesus: Islam, Shinto, Bahai, Sikhs, etc. (Eerdman’s handbook to the world’s religions, 1982, pp. 46-47.)
		As noted above, over 34 million “marginal Christians” have been deceived.


Matthew 7:15 "Watch out for false prophets. They come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ferocious wolves.
	Cultic leaders try to convince Christians that they too are Christians. Mormons (“Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints”) the “Unification Church” (Moonies), and the Jehovah-Witnesses (who say that they believe that Jesus is the Son of God, but deny that He is God the Son) falsely assert their Christianity.
		NIV 2 Peter 2:1 But there were also false prophets among the people, just as there will be false teachers among you. They will secretly introduce destructive heresies, even denying the sovereign Lord who bought them-- bringing swift destruction on themselves.


	Matthew 7:13-20 13 "Enter through the narrow gate. For wide is the gate and broad is the road that leads to destruction, and many enter through it. 14 But small is the gate and narrow the road that leads to life, and only a few find it.
		Again, Jesus made no attempt to be tolerant or inclusive or to respect spiritual diversity. He narrowed, not broadened, the way to salvation. Some Christians are far more “tolerant” and “loving” and “inclusive” than was Jesus.
		There are not many paths to the same spiritual mountaintop, but one way to be saved—through the Gate, who is Christ Jesus (John 10:7).
		Luke 13:23-24 23 Someone asked him, "Lord, are only a few people going to be saved?" He said to them, 24 "Make every effort to enter through the narrow door, because many, I tell you, will try to enter and will not be able to.”
		Cult leaders make their own narrow gate, one not purchased by the atonement of Jesus. They add any number of “good” works for “salvation.”


	Matthew 7:16 By their fruit you will recognize them. Do people pick grapes from thorn bushes, or figs from thistles? 17 Likewise every good tree bears good fruit, but a bad tree bears bad fruit. 18 A good tree cannot bear bad fruit, and a bad tree cannot bear good fruit. 19 Every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. 20 Thus, by their fruit you will recognize them.


	Elymas (Bar-Jesus) was a false prophet and sorcerer (Acts 13:6).
		Acts 13:10 Paul told him, "You are a child of the devil and an enemy of everything that is right! You are full of all kinds of deceit and trickery. Will you never stop perverting the right ways of the Lord?” This perfectly describes a cultic leader today.


	The 3 major characteristics of cultic leaders are arrogance, greed and sexual sin.


	NIV 2 Peter 2:1 But there were also false prophets among the people, just as there will be false teachers among you. They will secretly introduce destructive heresies, even denying the sovereign Lord who bought them-- bringing swift destruction on themselves.
		False prophets of the Old Testament are equated with false teachers in the New Testament.
		Denying the full deity of Christ is typical.
	2 Many will follow their shameful ways and will bring the way of truth into disrepute.
		Cults are often quite successful in attracting followers, as are Mormons & JWs.
		The “Lord’s Resistance Army” (LRA) of Uganda exploits women and children in the name of the 10 Commandments
	3 In their greed these teachers will exploit you with stories they have made up.
		Often founders base their religion upon special revelations—dreams and visions
		Joseph Smith (Mormons) claimed to have been visited by the angel “Moroni” and to have been given a special tablet of gold from God.
		The “Divine Principle” of Sun Myong Moon is an incredibly complex, but fictional, story.


	NIV 2 Peter 2:3 Their condemnation has long been hanging over them, and their destruction has not been sleeping.
		God has already judged them. Hell is awaiting. We await a Savior, they await the Devil.
	4 For if God did not spare angels when they sinned, but sent them to hell, {4 Greek Tartarus} putting them into gloomy dungeons to be held for judgment;
	5 if he did not spare the ancient world when he brought the flood on its ungodly people, but protected Noah, a preacher of righteousness, and seven others;
	6 if he condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah by burning them to ashes, and made them an example of what is going to happen to the ungodly


NIV 2 Peter 2:1 7 and if he rescued Lot, a righteous man, who was distressed by the filthy lives of lawless men
8 (for that righteous man, living among them day after day, was tormented in his righteous soul by the lawless deeds he saw and heard)—
	Leaders often live filthy lives. Jim Jones did at Jonestown. Shree Rajneesch taught free love in his ashrams.
	Brigham Young, second leader of the Mormons, had 70 wives.
9 if this is so, then the Lord knows how to rescue godly men from trials and to hold the unrighteous for the day of judgment, while continuing their punishment.
	Sometimes an apparently godly person can be deceived and join a cult. Often they have zeal without knowledge God has rescued many.
		Proverbs 19:2 2 It is not good to have zeal without knowledge, nor to be hasty and miss the way.
	Cultic leaders are slaves of their own desires, which is punishment.


	10 This is especially true of those who follow the corrupt desire of the sinful nature {10 Or the flesh} and despise authority. Bold and arrogant, these men are not afraid to slander celestial beings;
		Here we see arrogance in that they despise proper authority and substitute their own (Jude 1:9).
		A “missionary” that I exposed as a fraud recently gave me his prayer cards so that I could distribute them.
	11 yet even angels, although they are stronger and more powerful, do not bring slanderous accusations against such beings in the presence of the Lord.
		The way some cultic leaders speak against the Devil is quite amazing. We are told to say, “The Lord rebuke you ” (Jude 1:9), not to rebuke the Devil ourselves.
	12 But these men blaspheme in matters they do not understand. They are like brute beasts, creatures of instinct, born only to be caught and destroyed, and like beasts they too will perish.
		They walk and live “in the flesh” (or according to the “sinful nature”-NIV) (Gal. 5:16-24).
		They are such slaves of their passions that they let down their guard and are often caught in their sin.


	NIV 2 Peter 2:13 They will be paid back with harm for the harm they have done. Their idea of pleasure is to carouse in broad daylight.
		trufh,, h/j, h` as a way of life indulgence, reveling (2P 2.13); luxurious living, luxury Friberg
	They are blots and blemishes [spills on the dress of the Bride of Christ], reveling in their pleasures while they feast with you. {13 Some manuscripts in their love feasts}
	14 With eyes full of adultery,
		Friberg--.e. ever on the lookout for an adulterous woman (2P 2.14)]
	they never stop sinning; they seduce the unstable; they are experts in greed
		A disposition to have more than one's share greed, covetousness, avarice -Friberg)-- an accursed brood!
		The founder of Jehovah-Witnesses, Charles Taze Russell, sold “miracle wheat” that was inferior to regular wheat (Walter Martin, Kingdom of the Cults, 1985 ed., p. 40-41).
		Joseph Smith, founder of the Mormons, was a frustrated treasure hunter who dug holes all around his hometown, vainly trying to locate wealth.
	15 They have left the straight way and wandered off to follow the way of Balaam son of Beor, who loved the wages of wickedness.
	16 But he was rebuked for his wrongdoing by a donkey-- a beast without speech-- who spoke with a man's voice and restrained the prophet's madness.